<!-- If the browser does not support frames put the first topic content here --> <div class="WordSection1"> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;text-indent: 0cm'>L'auto-référencement</p> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;text-indent: 0cm'>La surcharge des fonctions et procédures</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt'>1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></b> <b><u><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt'>L'AUTO-REFERENCEMENT</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration: none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>1.1. Principe</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration: none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2">Chaque méthode peut travailler sur les données de l'objet ayant servi à son appel en indiquant uniquement le nom des données.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText2">Elle peut également appliquer une méthode de la classe à l'objet ayant servi à son appel, en indiquent uniquement le nom de la méthode.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"> </p> <p class="MsoBodyText2">La méthode peut retourner l'une des données.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"> </p> <p class="MsoBodyText2">Mais il est possible que la méthode ait besoin de retourner l'intégralité de l'objet ayant servi à son appel. Par exemple, on peut avoir besoin d'une méthode Compar_moyenne qui compare la moyenne de deux élèves (l'instance paramètre implicite et une instance paramètre explicite) et retourne l'instance de l'élève ayant la moyenne la plus élevée. On supposera qu'il n'y a pas d'ex-aequos.</p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"> </p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><i>Déclaration de la classe élève</i></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"> </p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>CLASSE élève</span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> privé</span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> el_nom : chaîne de caractères</span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> el_oral, el_écrit : réel</span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> FONCTION moyenne () : réel</span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> public</span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> PROCEDURE initial (données : nom : chaîne de caractères, or, ec : réels)</span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> PROCEDURE affich () </span> <span style='font-size:10.0pt'>/* Affiche le nom et la moyenne de l'élève */</span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> FONCTION compar_moyenne (donnée : e : élève) : élève</span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FCLASSE</span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"> </p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><i>Définition de la fonction compar_moyenne</i></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"> </p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FONCTION élève::compar_moyenne (donnée : e: élève) : élève</span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> SI moyenne () > e.moyenne ()</span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> ALORS</span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <b>RETOURNER moi-même </b></span> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt'> </span></b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt'>/* On retourne la valeur de l'objet ayant servi à l'appel */</span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> SINON </span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> RETOURNER e</span></p> <p class="MsoHeader"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> FSI</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FIN</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span></i> <p class="MsoHeading9"> </p> <p class="MsoHeading9">Exemple d'utilisation de compar_moyenne</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoBodyText2">Soit un tableau <b>tabélève</b> de 5 éléments de classe élève préalablement initialisé (par des appels à la méthode initial), une variable <b>meilleur</b> de classe élève et une variable entière <b>i</b>. On souhaite déterminer quel élève a la moyenne la plus élevée puis afficher le nom et la moyenne de cet élève :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>meilleur</span> <span style= 'font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>tabélève[1];</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>POUR i</span> <span style= 'font-family:Wingdings'>à</span> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>2 A 5</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> meilleur</span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span style= 'font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"'>tabélève[i].compar_moyenne (meilleur)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FPOUR</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>AFFICHER "Meilleur élève : "</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>meilleur.affich ();</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:-21.0pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>1.2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></b> <b><u><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Codage en Java</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration: none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Java permet au programmeur de désigner l’objet ayant servi à l'appel de la méthode par <b>this</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Pour retourner la valeur du paramètre implicite, il faut donc retourner <b>this</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><i> </i></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><i>Définition de la fonction compar_moyenne</i></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>public eleve compar_moyenne (eleve e)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>{</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> if (moyenne() > e.moyenne())</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang="EN-GB">return this</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> else</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>return e;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>}</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Exemple d'utilisation de compar_moyenne</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang="EN-GB">meilleur = tabeleve[0];</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang="EN-GB">for (i=1; i<5; i++)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>{</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> meilleur = tabeleve[i].compar_moyenne (meilleur);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>}</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>System.out.println ("Meilleur élève : ");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>meilleur.affich();</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt'> <b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></b> <b><u><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>LA SURCHARGE DE</span></u></b> <b><u><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>FONCTIONS ET PROCEDURES</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>2.1. Définitions</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration: none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Une fonction ou procédure est repérée par sa signature constituée de son nom et du type de chacun de ses paramètres. Le type du retour pour une fonction n'est pas pris en compte dans la signature.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Surcharger une fonction ou une procédure signifie définir plusieurs fonctions ou procédures ayant le même nom mais des signatures différentes.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Cette surcharge est possible pour des fonctions ou procédures extérieures à une classe et également pour des méthodes d'une classe.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'>2.2. Surcharge de fonctions ou de procédures extérieures à une classe</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration:none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> <b><i><u><span style='font-size: 12.0pt'>2.2.1. Ecriture de fonctions ou procédures surchargées</span></u></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> <b><i><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'> </span></u></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>On souhaite par exemple pouvoir appeler une fonction nommée <b>extractch</b> qui permette d'extraire une suite de caractères d'une chaîne de différentes façons possibles :</span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText3" style= 'margin-left:34.0pt;text-indent:-19.8pt'><span style= 'font-family:Wingdings'>§<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> en transmettant la chaîne source, la position de l'élément à partir duquel il faut effectuer l'extraction et le nombre de caractères à extraire,</p> <p class="MsoBodyText3" style= 'margin-left:34.0pt;text-indent:-19.8pt'><span style= 'font-family:Wingdings'>§<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> en transmettant la chaîne source, le 1<sup>er</sup> caractère à partir duquel il faut effectuer l'extraction et le nombre de caractères à extraire,</p> <p class="MsoBodyText3" style= 'margin-left:34.0pt;text-indent:-19.8pt'><span style= 'font-family:Wingdings'>§<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> en transmettant la chaîne source et la position de l'élément à partir duquel il faut effectuer l'extraction, dans ce cas il y a extraction d'un caractère.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>La position transmise est supposée valide (donc comprise entre 1 et la longueur de la chaîne).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FONCTION extractch (données : ch : chaîne de caractères, pos, lg : entier) : chaîne de caractères</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> RETOURNER SSCHAINE (ch, pos, lg)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FIN</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-right:-7.2pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FONCTION extractch (données : ch:chaîne de caractères, c:caractère, lg:entier) : chaîne de caractères</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>VAR pos : entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> pos</span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"'>RANG (ch, c, 1)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> SI pos <> 0</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> ALORS</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>RETOURNER SSCHAINE (ch, pos, lg)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> SINON</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> RETOURNER ""</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> FSI</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FIN</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FONCTION extractch (données : ch : chaîne de caractères, pos : entier) : chaîne de caractères</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> RETOURNER SSCHAINE (ch, pos, 1)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FIN</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></p> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> <b><i><u><span style='font-size: 12.0pt'>2.2.2. Utilisation</span></u></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> <b><i><u><span style='font-size: 12.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration:none'> </span></span></u></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Lors de l'appel à une fonction ou procédure surchargée, il y a recherche de correspondance entre le type des paramètres effectifs et celui des paramètres formels.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>La correspondance doit être unique c'est-à-dire qu'un appel doit correspondre à une et une seule fonction ou procédure.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration:none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> <b><i><u><span style='font-size: 12.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration:none'> </span></span></u></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><i><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration:none'> </span></span></u></i></p> <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:22.7pt'> <td width="298" style= 'width:223.25pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Instruction</span></b></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.1pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Fonction appelée (1, 2 ou 3)</span></b></p> </td> <td width="194" style= 'width:145.15pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoHeading7" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Résultat</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:22.7pt'> <td width="298" style= 'width:223.25pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>AFFICHER extractch ("BONJOUR", 2, 3)</span></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoHeader" align="center" style='text-align:center'>1</p> </td> <td width="194" style= 'width:145.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">NJO</p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:22.7pt'> <td width="298" style= 'width:223.25pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>AFFICHER extractch ("BONJOUR", 2)</span></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoHeader" align="center" style='text-align:center'>3</p> </td> <td width="194" style= 'width:145.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">N</p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:22.7pt'> <td width="298" style= 'width:223.25pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>AFFICHER extractch ("BONJOUR", 'N', 3)</span></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'>2</p> </td> <td width="194" style= 'width:145.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>NJO</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:22.7pt'> <td width="298" style= 'width:223.25pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>AFFICHER extractch ("BONJOUR", 'F', 3)</span></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'>2</p> </td> <td width="194" style= 'width:145.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Chaîne vide</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:18.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.4pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>2.3.</span></b><b><u><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> Surcharge de méthodes dans une classe</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration:none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoHeading7">Le principe est identique à ce qui a été vu au §2.2.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoBodyText2">Exemple :</p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"> </p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><i>Définition d'une classe date avec une fonction compar surchargée.</i></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"><i> </i></p> <p class="MsoHeading7"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>CLASSE date</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> privé</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> jj, mm, aaaa : entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> public</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> PROCEDURE initial (données : j, m, a : entier)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -35.4pt'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> FONCTION compar (donnée : d2 : date) : entier </span> /* retourne 1 si le param.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:141.6pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 35.4pt'> implicite > param. explicite, 0 si égalité et –1 sinon. */</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FONCTION compar () : entier </span> /* retourne 1 si le param.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:177.0pt;text-align:justify'>implicite > date système, 0 si égalité et –1 sinon. */ </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FCLASSE</span></p> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>PROCEDURE date::initial (données : j, m, a : entier)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "EN-GB">DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> jj</span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "EN-GB">j</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> mm</span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "EN-GB">m</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> aaaa</span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "EN-GB">a</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FIN</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FONCTION date::compar (donnée : d2 : date) : entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="NL" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang="NL">VAR tot1, tot2 : entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="NL" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "NL">DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="NL" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "NL"> tot1</span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span lang="NL" style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "NL">aaaa * 10 ^ 4 + mm * 100 + jj</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="NL" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "NL"> tot2</span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span lang="NL" style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "NL">d2.aaaa * 10 ^ 4 + d2.mm * 100 + d2.jj</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="NL" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "NL"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="NL" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "NL"> </span> <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>SI tot1 > tot2</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> ALORS</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> RETOURNER 1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> SINON</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> SI tot1 = tot2</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> ALORS RETOURNER 0</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> SINON RETOURNER -1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> FSI</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FSI</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FIN </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FONCTION date::compar () : entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>VAR d2 : date</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> d2.initial (jour_système, mois_système, année_système)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span> <span lang="NL" style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "NL">tot1</span> <span style= 'font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span><span lang="NL" style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang="NL"> aaaa * 10 ^ 4 + mm * 100 + jj</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="NL" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "NL"> tot2</span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span lang="NL" style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "NL"> d2.aaaa * 10 ^ 4 + d2.mm * 100 + d2.jj</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="NL" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"' xml:lang= "NL"> </span> <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>SI tot1 > tot2</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> ALORS</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> RETOURNER 1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> SINON</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> SI tot1 = tot2</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> ALORS RETOURNER 0</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> SINON RETOURNER -1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> FSI</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> FSI</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FIN </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Utilisation de la classe date</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>VAR d1 : date</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>/* Saisie d'une 1<sup>ère</sup> date */</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>AFFICHER "Saisir le jour, le mois puis l'année"</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>SAISIR joursaisi, moissaisi, ansaisi</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>d1.initial (joursaisi, moissaisi, ansaisi)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>SI d1.compar () = 1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>ALORS</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> AFFICHER "La date saisie est supérieure à la date système"</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>SINON</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> SI d1.compar () = 0</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> ALORS AFFICHER "La date saisie est la date du jour"</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> SINON AFFICHER "La date saisie est inférieure à la date système"</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> FSI</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FSI</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>/* Déclaration et saisie d'une 2<sup>ème</sup> date puis comparaison avec la 1<sup>ère</sup> date */</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>VAR d2 : date</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>AFFICHER "Saisir le jour, le mois puis l'année"</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>SAISIR joursaisi, moissaisi, ansaisi</span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText3"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>d2.initial (joursaisi, moissaisi, ansaisi)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>SI d1.compar (d2) = 1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>ALORS</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> AFFICHER "La 1<sup>ère</sup> date saisie est supérieure à la 2<sup>ème</sup> date saisie"</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>SINON</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> SI d1.compar (d2) = 0</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> ALORS AFFICHER "Les 2 dates saisies sont égales"</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> SINON AFFICHER "La 1 <sup>ère</sup> date saisie est inférieure à la 2<sup>ème</sup> date saisie"</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> FSI</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>FSI</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration:none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'>2.4. Codage en Java</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> <b><i><u><span style='font-size: 12.0pt'>2.4.1. L'exemple de la classe date</span></u></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> <b><i><u><span style='font-size: 12.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration:none'> </span></span></u></i></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText3">La classe est nommée MaClasseDate.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><i><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'>Code de la classe MaClasseDate :</span></u></i></p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>import java.util.GregorianCalendar;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB">class MaClasseDate</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB">{</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> private int jj, mm, aaaa;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> public void initial (int j, int m, int a)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> {</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> jj=j;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> mm=m;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> aaaa=a;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> }</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> public int compar (MaClasseDate d2 )</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> <span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'>{ </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> /* retourne 1 si le param. implicite > param. explicite,</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> 0 si égalité et -1 sinon. </span> <span lang="NL" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "NL">*/</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="NL" style= 'font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "NL"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="NL" style= 'font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "NL"> int tot1 = (int)(aaaa * Math.pow(10, 4) + mm * 100 + jj);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="NL" style= 'font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "NL"> int tot2 = (int)(d2.aaaa * Math.pow(10,4) + d2.mm * 100 + d2.jj);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="NL" style= 'font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="NL"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> if (tot1 > tot2)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> return 1 ;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> else</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> {</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> If (tot1 = = tot2)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> return 0</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> else</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> return -1;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>}</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> }</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> public int compar ()</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> {</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> /* retourne 1 si le param. implicite > date système,</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> 0 si égalité et -1 sinon. </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB">*/</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> MaClasseDate d2=new MaClasseDate();</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>// on récupère la date système</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB">GregorianCalendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar();</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> int jour_système = calendar.get(GregorianCalendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>int mois_système= calendar.get(GregorianCalendar.MONTH)+1;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> int année_système=calendar.get(GregorianCalendar.YEAR);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> d2.initial (jour_système, mois_système, année_système);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> // pow rend un double donc il faut caster explicitement le résultat en entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span> <span lang="NL" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="NL">int tot1 = (int)(aaaa * Math.pow(10, 4) + mm * 100 + jj);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="NL" style= 'font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "NL"> int tot2 = (int)(d2.aaaa * Math.pow(10,4) + d2.mm * 100 + d2.jj);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="NL" style= 'font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="NL"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="NL" style= 'font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "NL"> if (tot1 > tot2)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="NL" style= 'font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "NL"> return 1 ;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="NL" style= 'font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "NL"> else</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="NL" style= 'font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "NL"> {</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="NL" style= 'font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "NL"> If (tot1 = = tot2)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="NL" style= 'font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "NL"> return</span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>0</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> else</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> return -1;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> }</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> }</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>}</span></p> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><i><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'>Code de la classe Prog1date qui utilise MaClasseDate :</span></u></i></p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 26.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>import java.io.*;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB">class Prog1date</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB">{</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> public static void main (String args[]) throws IOException</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> {</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> MaClasseDate d1=new MaClasseDate();</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>// Saisie d'une 1ère date et comparaison avec la date système */</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> int joursaisi = Entrée.entier("Saisir le jour");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> int moissaisi = Entrée.entier("Saisir le mois");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> int ansaisi = Entrée.entier("Saisir l'année");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> d1.initial (joursaisi, moissaisi, ansaisi);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB">if(d1.compar () == 1)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>System.out.println("La date saisie est supérieure à la date système");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB">else</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> if (d1.compar()==0)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>System.out.println("La date saisie est égale à la date système");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> else</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-indent:35.4pt;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> System.out.println("La date saisie est inférieure à la date syst.");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> }</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>}</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> <b><i><u><span style='font-size: 12.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration:none'> </span></span></u></i></b></p> <b><i><u><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span></u></i></b> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> <b><i><u><span style='font-size: 12.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration:none'> </span></span></u></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><i><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'>Code de la classe Prog2date qui utilise MaClasseDate :</span></u></i></p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>import java.io.*;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB">class Prog2date</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB">{</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> public static void main (String args[]) throws IOException</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> {</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> MaClasseDate d1=new MaClasseDate();</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> MaClasseDate d2=new MaClasseDate();</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>// Saisie d'une 1ère date */</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> int joursaisi = Entrée.entier("Saisir le jour");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> int moissaisi = Entrée.entier("Saisir le mois");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> int ansaisi = Entrée.entier("Saisir l'année");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> d1.initial (joursaisi, moissaisi, ansaisi);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> // Saisie d'une 2ème date */</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> joursaisi = Entrée.entier("\nSaisir le jour");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> moissaisi = Entrée.entier("Saisir le mois");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> ansaisi = Entrée.entier("Saisir l'année");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> d2.initial (joursaisi, moissaisi, ansaisi);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB">if(d1.compar (d2) == 1)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>System.out.println("La 1ère date est supérieure à la 2ème date");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB">else</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> if (d1.compar(d2)==0)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>System.out.println("Les 2 dates sont égales");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> else</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> System.out.println("La 1ère date est inférieure à la 2ème date");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> }</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>}</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'>Remarque :</span></u></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>le JDK offre bien entendu des classes pour manipuler les dates, on n'est pas obligé d'écrire ses propres classes pour traiter les dates comme nous l’avons fait ici à moins qu'on ait des besoins particuliers.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> </div>
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