<!-- If the browser does not support frames put the first topic content here --> <div class="WordSection1"> <p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" align="center" style= 'margin-top:24.0pt;text-align: center;text-indent:0cm'>INTRODUCTION A LA PROGRAMMATION ORIENTEE OBJETS</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>1. UNE APPROCHE DE LA PROGRAMMATION ORIENTEE OBJETS</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>(la première partie concerne l'algorithme, le codage en java commence à la page 13)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'>1.1. Rappels</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> <b><i><u><span style='font-size: 12.0pt'>1.1.1. Notion de type</span></u></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Un type de données est caractérisé par :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:63.8pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -8.5pt'> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>– Un ensemble de valeurs pouvant être prises par les variables et constantes du type. Cet ensemble peut être défini en extension (booléen : {vrai, faux} ), ou en intention (entier : ensemble Z),</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:63.8pt;text-align:justify'> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:63.8pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -8.5pt'> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>– Un ensemble de primitives (opérateurs, procédures ou fonctions) utilisables sur les variables et constantes du type.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Par exemple, le type "chaîne de caractères" peut être défini par :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:63.8pt;text-indent:-8.5pt'> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>– L’ensemble de valeurs suivant : toute combinaison de caractères (éventuellement vide),</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:63.8pt;text-indent:-8.5pt'> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:63.8pt;text-indent:-8.5pt'> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>– L’ensemble de primitives suivant :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:99.2pt;text-indent:-14.15pt'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>°<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>concaténation (opérateur // ou +),</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:99.2pt;text-indent:-14.15pt'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>°<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>fonction LONGUEUR,</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:99.2pt;text-indent:-14.15pt'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>°<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>etc.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> <b><i><u><span style='font-size: 12.0pt'>1.1.2. Construction de types</span></u></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Un type structuré comporte plusieurs champs pouvant être d’un type quelconque :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>TYPE compte = STRUCT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> numéro : entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> nomclient : chaîne de caractères</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> solde : réel</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FSTRUCT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> VAR UnCompte : compte</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>L’accès à un champ se fait à l’aide de l’opérateur "." :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>UnCompte.numéro </span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>12</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> UnCompte.nomclient </span> <span style= 'font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span style= 'font-family: "Arial",sans-serif'>"Durand"</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> UnCompte.solde </span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span style= 'font-family: "Arial",sans-serif'>1000</span></p> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'>1.2. Problèmes liés à la construction de types</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> <b><i><u><span style='font-size: 12.0pt'>1.2.1. Définition incomplète</span></u></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>L’outil STRUCT permet de définir l’ensemble des valeurs pouvant être prises par les objets d’un type construit (ensemble des triplets <entier, chaîne de caractères, réel> pour notre type compte par exemple). Par contre, rien n’est dit concernant les opérations applicables aux objets de ce type.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Le type structuré compte ne permet pas d’appréhender à lui seul la notion de compte bancaire qu’il est censé représenter. Il est bien entendu nécessaire de savoir qu’un compte est caractérisé par un numéro, le nom de son propriétaire et un solde, mais il est indispensable de compléter cette description en disant qu’un compte peut être créé, crédité, débité, etc.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;text-indent:1.0cm'> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> <b><i><u><span style='font-size: 12.0pt'>1.2.2. Problème d’évolution</span></u></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Le fait de réduire la construction de type à la seule définition d’une représentation en mémoire a par ailleurs une conséquence importante : le type ne peut pas évoluer.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Considérons la variable c de type compte et la séquence d'instructions suivante :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>c.numéro</span> <span style='font-family: Wingdings'>ß</span><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>12</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> c.nom</span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif'>"Durand"</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> c.solde</span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif'>1000</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> …</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> AFFICHER "Entrez le montant à débiter : "</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> SAISIR montant</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> SI c.solde >= montant</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> ALORS</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> c.solde</span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif'>c.solde - montant</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> SINON</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> AFFICHER "Solde insuffisant ! "</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FSI</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Si le système évolue vers une perception plus fine du compte bancaire nécessitant la mémorisation des cumuls des opérations de débit et de crédit, la représentation peut devenir :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>TYPE compte = STRUCT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> numéro : entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> nomclient : chaîne de caractères</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> cumuldébits, cumulcrédits : réel</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FSTRUCT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Le programme ci-dessus doit être totalement reconsidéré.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'>1.3. Une première solution : définir des procédures et fonctions permettant de manipuler les données du type</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Avec ces procédures et fonctions, on aura une description plus complète du type.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>La structure de données pourra évoluer sans remettre en cause les programmes la manipulant du moment que le "mode d'emploi" des procédures et fonctions associées à cette structure reste inchangé.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>L'ensemble constitué des données et des procédures et fonctions manipulant ces données est nommé type abstrait de données.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Exemple : le type compte</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>- Description de la structure :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>TYPE compte = STRUCT </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:70.8pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>numéro : entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> nomclient : chaîne de caractères</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> solde : réel</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FSTRUCT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>– Fonction d'initialisation du compte</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>FONCTION initial (données : num : entier, nom : chaîne de caractères) : compte</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> VAR cc : compte</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> cc.numéro</span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif'>num</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> cc.nomclient</span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif'>nom</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> cc.solde</span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif'>0</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> RETOURNER cc</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FIN</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>– Créditer un compte :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>PROCEDURE créditer (donnée : montant : réel, donnée modifiée : c : compte)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> c.solde</span> <span style= 'font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>c.solde + montant</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>FIN </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>– Débiter un compte :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Même principe que créditer.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>– Connaître le solde d’un compte :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>FONCTION solde (donnée : c: compte) : réel</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> RETOURNER c.solde</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>FIN</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Cette description fonctionnelle est suffisante pour utiliser le type comme dans la séquence d'instructions suivante :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>c</span> <span style= 'font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><u>initial</u> (12, "Durand")</span><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span> /* c est une variable de type compte */</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt'> ...</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>AFFICHER "Saisir le montant à débiter"</span></p> <p class="MsoHeading7" style='text-indent:35.4pt'><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>SAISIR montant</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> SI <u>solde</u> (c) >= montant alors</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> ALORS</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><u>débiter</u> (montant, c)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> SINON</span></p> <p class="MsoHeading7"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> AFFICHER "Solde insuffisant !"</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FSI</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-family: "Arial",sans-serif'><span style= 'text-decoration:none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration:none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration:none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>2. ENCAPSULATION, CLASSE ET OBJET</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Rien n'empêche un programmeur d'utiliser le type compte en accédant directement aux données de la structure, voire en se dispensant totalement de l'utilisation des fonctions et procédures prévues (sous prétexte d'écrire un code plus efficace par exemple).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Il faut donc pouvoir interdire l'accès en dehors des procédures et fonctions dédiées à la manipulation des données de la structure, on parlera de procédures et fonctions membres ou encore de méthodes.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>L'<b>encapsulation</b> consiste à réunir les données et les procédures et fonctions membres en une seule unité syntaxique : la <b>classe.</b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Un <b>objet</b> est un représentant particulier d'une classe.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Par exemple, l'objet (1, "Dupont", 15000) ou encore l'objet (2, "Dubois", 12000) sont des objets de la classe compte.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Chaque objet possède ses propres données. Par contre, tous les objets d'une même classe partagent une unique occurrence de chaque méthode.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>2.1. Déclaration d'une classe</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Les classes sont à déclarer avant les variables.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Syntaxe de la déclaration <b>habituelle</b> d'une classe :</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span> <b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>CLASSE</span></b> <span style='font-family: "Arial",sans-serif'>nomclasse</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> <b>privé</b> </span> /* cette partie sera inaccessible en dehors de la classe */</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> Partie déclarations des données membres de la classe</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:35.4pt;text-indent:-35.4pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:35.4pt;text-indent:-35.4pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> <b>public</b> </span> /* cette partie sera accessible en dehors de la classe et constitue l'interface de la classe */<b><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></b> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> Partie prototype des méthodes de la classe (procédures et fonctions membres)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> <b>FCLASSE</b></span></p> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Exemple : la classe compte</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoHeading7" style='text-indent:35.4pt'><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>CLASSE compte</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> privé </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> co_numéro : entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> co_nomclient : chaîne de caractères</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> co_solde : réel</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>public </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> PROCEDURE initial (données : numéro : entier, nom : chaîne de caractères)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> PROCEDURE créditer (donnée : montant : réel)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> PROCEDURE débiter (donnée : montant : réel)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FONCTION solde () : réel</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>FCLASSE</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Remarques :</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:53.25pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt'> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Une donnée peut être publique (même si cela pénalise l'évolution de la classe), par exemple on peut souhaiter que le nom du client soit public.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:35.25pt;text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:53.25pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt'> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Une méthode peut être privée ; en effet, il est possible que les méthodes publiques effectuent des blocs d'instructions communs, dans ce cas on crée une procédure ou une fonction privée que seules les méthodes de la classe pourront appeler.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:53.25pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt'> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Il peut y avoir plusieurs parties privées ou publiques, par exemple si on souhaite que le nom soit public, la déclaration de la classe devient :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:35.25pt;text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:127.5pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 14.1pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoHeading7" style='text-indent:35.4pt'><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> CLASSE compte</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> privé </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> co_numéro : entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> public</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> co_nomclient : chaîne de caractères</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> privé</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> co_solde : réel</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> public </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> PROCEDURE initial (données : numéro : entier, nom : ch. de car.)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> PROCEDURE créditer (donnée : montant : réel)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> PROCEDURE débiter (donnée : montant : réel)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FONCTION solde () : réel</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FCLASSE</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:53.25pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt'> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>L'ensemble des parties (données et méthodes) publiques constitue <b>l'interface</b> et est utilisable à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur de la classe.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:35.25pt;text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:53.25pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt'> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Tout membre (donnée ou méthode) appartenant à une partie privée n'est utilisable qu'à l'intérieur de la définition d'une méthode de la classe.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'>2.2. Définition des méthodes</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Syntaxe de la définition d'une procédure membre :</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>PROCEDURE </span></b> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>nomclasse<b>::</b>nomprocédure <b>(</b>[Paramètres formels avec précision du statut et du type]<b>)</b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>partie déclarative éventuelle</span></p> <p class="MsoHeading8"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>partie instructions</span></p> <p class="MsoHeading8"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>FIN</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Syntaxe de la définition d'une fonction membre :</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>FONCTION </span></b> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>nomclasse<b>::</b>nomfonction <b>(</b>[Paramètres formels avec précision du statut et du type]<b>)</b> : type</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:389.4pt;text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> du résultat</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>partie déclarative éventuelle</span></p> <p class="MsoHeading8"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>partie instructions</span></p> <p class="MsoHeading8"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>FIN</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Remarque</span></i> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>: chaque méthode reçoit l'objet ayant servi à son appel en tant que <b>paramètre implicite</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoHeading9"> </p> <p class="MsoHeading9">Exemple : définition des méthodes de la classe compte</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>– Initialiser un compte :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>PROCEDURE compte::initial (données : numéro: entier, nom : chaîne de caractères)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-GB">DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> co_numéro</span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">numéro</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> co_nomclient</span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">nom</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> co_solde</span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">0</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>FIN</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>– Créditer un compte :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>PROCEDURE compte::créditer (donnée : montant : réel)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> co_solde</span> <span style= 'font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-GB">co_solde + montant</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>FIN </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>– Débiter un compte :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Même principe que créditer.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>– Connaître le solde d’un compte :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>FONCTION compte::solde () : réel</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">RETOURNER co_solde</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>FIN</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>3. UTILISATION DES CLASSES</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration: none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:18.4pt;text-indent:-18.4pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>3.1. </span></b><b><u><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> Instanciation</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>L'instanciation d'une classe correspond à la création d'une instance de cette classe, c'est-à-dire d'un objet. Elle se fait :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:6.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> . par une déclaration (la variable ou l'objet est alors statique),</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Exemple :</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>VAR c : compte </span> /* création d'un objet statique */</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoHeader"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> …</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FIN</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:18.4pt;text-indent:-18.4pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>3.2. </span></b><b><u><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> Appel de méthodes</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Syntaxe :</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>NomObjet<b>.</b>NomMéthode <b>(</b>[paramètres effectifs]<b>)</b> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Exemples (la classe compte est décrite en haut de la page 5) :</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Initialiser l'objet c avec le compte n°1 appartenant à Dupont :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:28.5pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>c.initial(1,"Dupont")</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Créditer le compte de Dupont de 1000 francs :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:28.5pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>c.créditer(1000)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span></i> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:18.4pt;text-indent:-18.4pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>3.3. </span></b><b><u><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> Fonctions d'accès</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Pour permettre l'accès aux données en lecture, on est souvent amené à écrire des fonctions d'accès puisque généralement les données sont privées. En fait, une fonction d'accès est ni plus ni moins qu'une méthode.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Si on souhaite mettre à jour la donnée, on écrira une procédure et non une fonction.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Exemple :</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> On souhaite pouvoir obtenir d'une part le numéro du compte et d'autre part le nom du</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> client ainsi que pouvoir modifier le nom du client.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></i> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>La classe compte devient :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoHeading7" style='text-indent:35.4pt'><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>CLASSE compte</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> privé </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> co_numéro : entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> co_nomclient : chaîne de caractères</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> co_solde : réel</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>public </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> PROCEDURE initial (données : numéro : entier, nom : chaîne de caractères)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> PROCEDURE créditer (donnée : montant : réel)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> PROCEDURE débiter (donnée : montant : réel)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FONCTION solde () : réel</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FONCTION nom () : chaîne de caractères</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FONCTION numéro () : entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> PROCEDURE modif_nom (donnée : nouveau_nom : chaîne de caractères)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>FCLASSE</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></i> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>FONCTION compte::nom() : chaîne de caractères</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> RETOURNER co_nom</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FIN</span></p> <p class="MsoHeader"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoHeader"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FONCTION compte::numéro() : entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> RETOURNER co_numéro</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FIN</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> PROCEDURE compte::modif_nom (donnée : nouveau_nom : chaîne de caractères)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> co_nom</span> <span style='font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span style= 'font-family: "Arial",sans-serif'>nouveau_nom</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FIN</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Remarque : nous avons uniquement déclaré les prototypes des méthodes entre CLASSE et FCLASSE mais il est également possible de faire figurer tout le code des méthodes entre CLASSE et FCLASSE au lieu d'écrire le code des méthodes après FCLASSE.</span></p> <i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span></i> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoHeading9" style= 'margin-left:18.4pt;text-indent:-18.4pt'><b><span style= 'font-style:normal'>3.4. </span></b><b><u><span style= 'font-style:normal'> Exercice</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-36.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>a)<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Ecrire la classe employe.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Les données sont : numero:entier, nom:chaîne, adr:chaîne, salaire:réel.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Il faut prévoir les méthodes pour :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>- l’initialisation,</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>- l’affichage des informations (en 3 méthodes)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>- l’augmentation du salaire en fonction d’un pourcentage (entier) passé en paramètre.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>b) Ecrire un programme pour le test de la classe. Le programme devra créer 5 employés (les informations seront saisies) puis les afficher et faire saisir le pourcentage d'augmentation du salaire et enfin afficher les employés avec le salaire actualisé. Le n° d’employé est séquentiel.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;color:red'>Correction :</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:21.3pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>CLASSE employé</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:21.3pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>Privé</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:21.3pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> num : entier</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:21.3pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> nom : chaine</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:21.3pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> sal : réel</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:21.3pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>Public</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:21.3pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> PROCEDURE init(données : numéro:entier, nomemp:chaine, salemp:réel)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:21.3pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> FONCTION affiche_num() : entier</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:21.3pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> FONCTION affiche_nom() : chaine</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:21.3pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> FONCTION affiche_sal() : réel</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:21.3pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> PROCEDURE augmente(données : pourc:entier)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:21.3pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>FCLASSE</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:21.3pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>PROCEDURE employé::init(données : numéro:entier, nomemp:chaine, salemp:réel)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>DEBUT</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> num</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;color:red'>ç</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>numéro</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> nom</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;color:red'>ç</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>nomemp</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> sal</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;color:red'>ç</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>salemp</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>FIN</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>PROCEDURE employé::augmente(données : pourc:entier)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>DEBUT</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> sal</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;color:red'>ç</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>sal+(sal*pourc/100)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>FIN</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>FONCTION employé::affiche_num() : entier</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>DEBUT</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> Retourner num</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>FIN</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>FONCTION employé::affiche_nom() : chaine</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>DEBUT</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> Retourner nom</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>FIN</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>FONCTION employé::affiche_sal() : réel</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>DEBUT</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> Retourner sal</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>FIN</span></b></p> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:red'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span></b> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>ALGO Test</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>VAR</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> Temp : Tableau[1..5] de employé</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> num : entier</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> nomemp : chaine</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> salemp, pourc : réel</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; color:red'>DEBUT</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> Pour num de 1 à 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> afficher ("saisir le nom de l'employé numéro " num); saisir(nomemp)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> afficher("Saisir le salaire de l'employé"); saisir(salemp)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> Temp[num].init(num, nomemp, salemp)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> Fpour</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-7.2pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:21.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:red'> Pour num de 1 à 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoBlockText" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-21.4pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:78.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-2.0cm'> afficher("Le nom de l'employé : ", Temp[num].affiche_num(), " est ", Temp[num].affiche_nom(), " et son salaire est de ", Temp[num].affiche_sal()</p> <p class="MsoBlockText" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-21.4pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:78.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-2.0cm'> Fpour</p> <p class="MsoBlockText" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-21.4pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:78.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-2.0cm'> Afficher("Saisir le pourcentage d'augmentation"); Saisir(pourc)</p> <p class="MsoBlockText" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-21.4pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:78.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-2.0cm'> Pour num de 1 à 5</p> <p class="MsoBlockText" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-21.4pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:78.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-2.0cm'> T[num].augmente(pourc)</p> <p class="MsoBlockText" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-28.45pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:78.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-2.0cm'> Afficher("L'employé : ", Temp[num].affiche_num(), ", ", Temp[num].affiche_nom(), " a un nveau salaire de:", Temp[num].affiche_sal()</p> <p class="MsoBlockText" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-21.4pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:78.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-2.0cm'> FPour</p> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>4. PROPRIETES DES CLASSES</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>4.1. Membre donnée statique</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Nous avons vu que chaque instance d'une classe dispose d'une occurence propre de chacune des données. Il existe une alternative à cette situation. Il est possible de définir un membre donnée statique, il n'en existe alors qu'un seul exemplaire, partagé par toutes les instances de la classe.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Exemple :</span></i></p> <p class="MsoHeading7" style='text-indent:35.4pt'><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoHeading7" style='text-indent:35.4pt'><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>CLASSE compte</span></p> <p class="MsoHeader"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoHeader"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> privé </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> statique nbcomptes : entier </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> co_numéro : entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> co_nomclient : chaîne de caractères</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> co_solde : réel</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>public </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> PROCEDURE initial (données : numéro : entier, nom : chaîne de caractères)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> PROCEDURE créditer (donnée : montant : réel)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> PROCEDURE débiter (donnée : montant : réel)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FONCTION solde () : réel</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FONCTION nom () : chaîne de caractères</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FONCTION numéro () : entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> PROCEDURE modif_nom (donnée : nouveau_nom : chaîne de caractères)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>FCLASSE</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> entier compte::nbcomptes</span> <span style= 'font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>0 </span> /* Définition et initialisation */</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Remarque :</span></i> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>un membre donnée statique doit être défini et initialisé en dehors de la déclaration de la classe.</span></p> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>4.2. Méthode membre statique</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration: none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Un membre donnée statique existe en dehors de toute instance de la classe. De la même façon, une méthode membre statique peut être appelée indépendamment de tout objet.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Exemple :</span></i></p> <p class="MsoHeading7" style='text-indent:35.4pt'><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoHeading7" style='text-indent:35.4pt'><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>CLASSE compte</span></p> <p class="MsoHeader"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoHeader"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> privé </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> statique nbcomptes : entier </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> co_numéro : entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> co_nomclient : chaîne de caractères</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> co_solde : réel</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>public </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> …</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> statique FONCTION totalcomptes () : entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FCLASSE</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> entier compte::nbcomptes</span> <span style= 'font-family:Wingdings'>ß</span> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>0 </span> /* Définition et initialisation */</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FONCTION compte::totalcomptes() : entier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> DEBUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> RETOURNER nbcomptes</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> FIN</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Affichage du nombre total :</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>AFFICHER "Il y a ", compte::totalcomptes(), " comptes"</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Remarques :</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>- La méthode membre statique est accessible même s'il n'existe aucune instance de compte.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>- Les méthodes membres statiques sont le plus souvent utilisées pour manipuler les membres données statiques. Elles ne peuvent pas désigner directement une donnée non statique ou une méthode non statique de la classe (il faut qu'elles créent un objet). En revanche, une méthode non statique peut utiliser directement une donnée statique ou une méthode statique de la même classe.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <b><u><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span></u></b> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt'><span style= 'text-decoration: none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>5. CODAGE EN JAVA</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>5.1. Déclaration d'une classe</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoHeading7" style='text-indent:35.4pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoHeading7"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>class Compte // Déclaration de la classe Compte d'origine</span></p> <p class="MsoHeading7"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> // Par défaut, toutes les données et méthodes sont considérées comme étant</span></p> <p class="MsoHeading7"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> // publiques à moins qu'on ne spécifie private devant la donnée ou devant la méthode.</span></p> <p class="MsoHeading7"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> // En fait, pour améliorer la lisibilité, on spécifie systématiquement le statut (pour</span></p> <p class="MsoHeading7"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> // l'instant private ou public) comme en pseudo-code.</span></p> <p class="MsoHeading7"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">{</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> private int co_numero;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> private String co_nomclient;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> private float co_solde;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> public void initial (int numero, String nom)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> { </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> co_numero = numero;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> co_nomclient= nom;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> co_solde = 0;</span></p> <p class="MsoHeader"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>}</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>// Créditer un compte :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 35.4pt'> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public void crediter (float montant)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 35.4pt'> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">{</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:70.8pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 35.4pt'> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">co_solde += montant;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:70.8pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>} </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>// Débiter un compte : même principe que créditer.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>// Connaître le solde d’un compte :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 35.4pt'> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public float solde ()</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 35.4pt'> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">{</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:70.8pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 35.4pt'> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">return co_solde;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:35.4pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: 35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>}</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>} // Le <b>;</b> est facultatif à la fin de la déclaration d'une classe en Java</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'>5.2. Instanciation</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Compte c = new Compte(); // c est créé comme compte</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> …</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>En java, l’instanciation d’une classe est toujours dynamique.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Contrairement à C++, il n’y a aucune manipulation de pointeurs. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><span style= 'text-decoration:none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'>5.3. Appel de méthodes</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Initialiser l'objet c avec le compte n°1 appartenant à Dupont :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:28.5pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>c.initial (1, "Dupont");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Créditer le compte de Dupont de 1000 francs :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:28.5pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>c.crediter (1000);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <b><u><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span></u></b> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><span style= 'text-decoration:none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'>5.4. Membre donnée statique</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><span style= 'text-decoration:none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoHeading7"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">class Compte</span></p> <p class="MsoHeader"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-GB">{</span></p> <p class="MsoHeader"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> <b>private static int nbcomptes; </b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> private int co_numero;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> …</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> private float co_solde;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>public …</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>}</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>La donnée statique nbcomptes est implicitement initialisée à 0.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><span style= 'text-decoration:none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt'>5.5. Méthode membre statique</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><u><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><span style= 'text-decoration:none'> </span></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoHeading7"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">class Compte</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-GB">{</span></p> <p class="MsoHeader"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> private static int nbcomptes; </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> private int co_numero;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> …</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> private float co_solde;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:2.0cm;text-align:justify'> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>…</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> <b>public static int totalcomptes() // On aurait pu avoir nbcomptes()</b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> {</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> return nbcomptes;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> }</span></b></p> <p class="MsoHeader"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>}</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <h2><a name="node0" id="node0"></a>5.6. Déclaration et exemple d’utilisation d’une classe Compte</h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></b></p> <h2><a name="node1" id="node1"></a>Déclaration de la classe compte</h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:177.0pt;text-indent:-177.0pt'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-GB">class Compte </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-GB">{</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:21.3pt'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-GB">private static int nbcomptes;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:21.3pt'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-GB">private int co_numero;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:21.3pt'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-GB">private String co_nom;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:21.3pt'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-GB">private float co_solde;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:21.3pt'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-GB">public void initial (int numero, String nom)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> {</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> co_numero = numero;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>co_nom= nom;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">co_solde = 0;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:35.4pt'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">nbcomptes++;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> }</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:21.3pt'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-GB">public void crediter (float montant)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:21.3pt'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">{</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:35.4pt'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-GB">co_solde += montant;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:21.3pt'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">} </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:21.3pt'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-GB">public float solde ()</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> { </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:35.4pt'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-GB">return co_solde;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:21.3pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>}</span></p> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:21.3pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:21.3pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>public void affiche()</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:21.3pt'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">{</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:35.4pt'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">System.out.println("Numéro : "+co_numero);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:35.4pt'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">System.out.println("Nom : "+co_nom);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:35.4pt'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">System.out.println("Solde : "+co_solde);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:21.3pt'><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">}</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span></b> <span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public static int totalcomptes()</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> {</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> return nbcomptes;</span></p> <p class="MsoHeader"><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>}</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:21.3pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>}</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Ceci est à placer dans un fichier Compte.java et à pré-compiler.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <h2><a name="node2" id="node2"></a>Utilisation de la classe compte</h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>L'utilisation de la classe Compte pourra être effectuée dans n'importe quel autre programme. En Java, tout programme appartient à une classe. Nous allons donc écrire une classe pour utiliser la classe Compte.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>class Prog1compte // Création d’une classe pour tester la classe Compte</span></p> <p class="MsoHeader"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>{</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:35.4pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>public static void main (String argv[ ]) // méthode principale statique</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:35.4pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>{</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Compte compte1=new Compte(); // création objet compte1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>compte1.initial(1,"dupont"); // appel de la méthode initial</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>compte1.affiche();</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>compte1.crediter(1000);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>compte1.affiche();</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:35.4pt;text-indent:35.4pt'> <span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>System.out.println("Nombre de comptes : "+Compte.totalcomptes());</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:35.4pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>}</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>};</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>On pré-compile et on exécute Prog1compte.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Remarque :</span></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText2"> </p> <p class="MsoBodyText2">Si la classe Compte n'est pas dans le même répertoire, il faut que le classpath comporte le répertoire dans lequel figure Compte.class.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="H3"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>main : point d'entrée du programme</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>On lance l'exécution d'un programme Java en démarrant une machine virtuelle Java (la JVM) avec, en paramètre, le nom de la classe de démarrage, laquelle doit forcément; contenir une méthode <i>main</i>. Une fois que la JVM s'est mise en place, elle lance le programme proprement dit, par la première instruction de la méthode main, sans créer d'objet de la classe de démarrage. Cela fonctionne, car la méthode est déclarée <b>static.</b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></b></p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>EXERCICE :</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;text-align:justify;border:none; padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Traduire l'algorithme de la page 9 (classe employé) en Java.</span></b></p> </div> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;color:red'>Correction</span></u></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red'>:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;color:red'>Classe employé :</span></b></p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang="EN-GB">public class employé</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB">{</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red'>private int num;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> private String nom;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> private double sal;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> public void init(int numéro, String nom, double salemp)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> {</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> num=numéro;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> this.nom=nom;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> sal=salemp;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> }</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> public void augmente(int pourc)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> {</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> sal += sal*pourc/100;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> }</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> public int affiche_num()</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> </span></b> <b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB">{</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> return num;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> }</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> public String affiche_nom()</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> {</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> return nom;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> }</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> public double affiche_sal()</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> {</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> return sal;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red'>}</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'>}</span></b></p> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;color:red'> </span></b></p> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:red'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span></b> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;color:red'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;color:red'>Classe Test_employé :</span></b></p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; margin-left:0cm;margin-right:-28.45pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'>import java.io.*;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang="EN-GB">public class test_employe</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB">{</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> public static void main(String argv[]) throws IOException</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span></b> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'>{</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> int numéro,pourc,x;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> </span></b> <b><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB">employé e1=new employé();</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> String nomemp, mess;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red'>double sal;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> // Déclaration du tableau</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> employé T[]=new employé[6];</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> for (numéro=1;numéro<=5;numéro++)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> {</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> nomemp=Entree.chaine("Saisir le nom de l'employé");</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> sal=Entree.reel("Saisir le salaire de l'employé");</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> // Initialisation du tableau</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> T[numéro]=new employé();</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> T[numéro].init(numéro,nomemp,sal);</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> }</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> for (numéro=1;numéro<=5;numéro++)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> {</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> mess="Le nom de l'employé numéro " + T[numéro].affiche_num();</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> mess+=" est " + T[numéro].affiche_nom() + " et son salaire est de ";</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> mess+=T[numéro].affiche_sal();</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> System.out.println(mess);</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> }</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> pourc=Entree.entier("Saisir le pourcentage d'augmentation");</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> for (numéro=1;numéro<=5;numéro++)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> {</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> T[numéro].augmente(pourc); </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> }</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> for (numéro=1;numéro<=5;numéro++)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> {</span></b></p> <p class="MsoBodyText3" style='margin-right:0cm'> mess="L'employé n°<span style= 'font-weight:normal'>"</span>+T[numéro].affiche_num()+"<span style= 'font-weight:normal'>, "</span>+T[numéro].affiche_nom();</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red'>mess+=" a un nouveau salaire de : " + T[numéro].affiche_sal();</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> System.out.println(mess);</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> }</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'> }</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;color:red'>}</span></b></p> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;color:red'> </span></b></p> </div>
Table des matières
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5.6. Déclaration et exemple d’utilisation d’une classe Compte
Déclaration de la classe compte
Utilisation de la classe compte
5.6. Déclaration et exemple d’utilisation d’une classe Compte
Déclaration de la classe compte
Utilisation de la classe compte
Générée avec
chmProcessor
Générée avec
chmProcessor