<!-- If the browser does not support frames put the first topic content here --> <div class="WordSection1"> <h1 style='margin-right:-7.2pt'><a name="node0" id= "node0"></a>3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Principales fonctions et procédures de manipulation de caractères</h1> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Elles appartiennent à la classe Character.</span> </pre> <h2><a name="node1" id="node1"></a>3.1. Fonctions de tests d'un caractère</h2> <pre style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:72.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 72.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public static boolean <b>isDigit</b> (char ch)</span></i> </pre> <p style='margin-right:36.0pt'>Renvoie <tt><span style= 'font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>true</span></tt> si le caractère <tt><span style= 'font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>ch</span></tt> est un chiffre.</p> <p style='margin-right:36.0pt'> </p> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public static boolean <b>isLetter</b> (char ch)</span></i> </pre> <p style='margin-right:36.0pt'>Renvoie <tt><span style= 'font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>true</span></tt> si le caractère <tt><span style= 'font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>ch</span></tt> est une lettre.</p> <p style='margin-right:36.0pt'> </p> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public static boolean <b>isLetterOrDigit</b> (char ch)</span></i> </pre> <p style='margin-right:36.0pt'>Renvoie <tt><span style= 'font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>true</span></tt> si le caractère <tt><span style= 'font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>ch</span></tt> est un chiffre ou une lettre.</p> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman",serif'> </span> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public static boolean <b>isLowerCase</b> (char ch)</span></i> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public static boolean <b>isUpperCase</b> (char ch)</span></i> </pre> <p style='margin-right:36.0pt'>Ces méthodes renvoient <tt><span style= 'font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>true</span></tt> si le caractère <tt><span style= 'font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>ch</span></tt> est respectivement une minuscule ou une majuscule.</p> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman",serif'> </span> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public static boolean <b>isWhitespace</b> (char ch)</span></i> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Renvoie true s'il s'agit d'un caractère d'espacement et faux sinon.</span> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span> </pre> <p style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> Exemple :</p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; margin-left:0cm;margin-right:36.0pt'> <p style= 'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm'>char c = 'D';</p> <p style= 'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm'> System.out.println ("Est-ce que " + c + " est une lettre ? ");</p> <p style= 'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm'> System.out.println ("Réponse : " + <b>Character.isLetter(c)</b>);</p> </div> <p style= 'margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:36.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left: 36.0pt'> </p> <h2><a name="node2" id="node2"></a>3.2. Fonctions de conversion d'un caractère</h2> <pre style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:72.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 72.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public static char <b>toLowerCase</b> (char ch)</span></i> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public static char <b>toUpperCase</b> (char ch)</span></i> </pre> <pre style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:72.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:72.0pt; margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> </pre> <p style='margin-right:36.0pt'>Ces méthodes renvoient le caractère <tt><span style= 'font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>ch</span></tt> converti respectivement en minuscule ou en majuscule</p> <p style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> Exemple :</p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; margin-left:0cm;margin-right:36.0pt'> <p style= 'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm'>char ce='a';</p> <p style= 'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm'> System.out.println ("ce : " + <b>Character.toUpperCase(ce)</b>);</p> </div> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> </p> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public static int <b>digit</b> (char ch, int b)</span></i> </pre> <p style='margin-right:36.0pt'>Renvoie le nombre correspondant au caractère <tt><span style= 'font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>ch</span></tt> en base b ou <tt><span style= 'font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>-1</span></tt> si le caractère <tt><span style= 'font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>ch</span></tt> est incorrect en base b.</p> <p style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> Exemple :</p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; margin-left:0cm;margin-right:36.0pt'> <p style= 'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm'>char ce='B';</p> <p style= 'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm'> System.out.println ("ce : " + <b>Character.digit(ce,16)</b>);</p> </div> <h1 style='margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm'> </h1> <h1 style='margin-right:-.1pt'><a name="node3" id= "node3"></a>4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Principales fonctions et procédures de manipulation de chaînes de caractères</h1> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman",serif'>Elles appartiennent à la classe String.</span> </pre> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Ainsi que nous l'avons vu :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>. l'affectation se fait par l'opérateur = et non par une fonction particulière comme c'est le cas en C.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>. la concaténation se fait avec l'opérateur +</span></p> <h2><a name="node4" id="node4"></a>4.1. Longueur d'une chaîne</h2> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="H4" style= 'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:auto'> <i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;layout-grid-mode:both;font-weight:normal'>public int</span></i> <i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;layout-grid-mode:both'>length()</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Renvoie la longueur de la chaîne</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>Exemple :</span></p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>String chaine= "Salut à tous";</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>System.out.println ("Nombre de caractères : " + <b>chaine.length</b>);</span></p> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <h2><a name="node5" id="node5"></a>4.2. Comparaison de 2 chaînes</h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Plusieurs fonctions peuvent être utilisées.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="H4" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;page-break-after: auto'> <span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;layout-grid-mode: both;font-weight:normal' xml:lang="EN-GB">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt;layout-grid-mode: both;font-weight:normal' xml:lang="EN-GB">public boolean</span></i> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;layout-grid-mode:both' xml:lang= "EN-GB">equals</span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt;layout-grid-mode:both;font-weight:normal' xml:lang="EN-GB">(Object objet)</span></i></p> <p class="H4" style= 'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:auto'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;layout-grid-mode:both;font-weight:normal'>Renvoie true si les 2 chaînes sont identiques (casse prise en compte) et false sinon.</span></p> <p class="H4" style= 'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:auto'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;layout-grid-mode:both;font-weight:normal'> </span></p> <p class="H4" style= 'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;page-break-after:auto'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;layout-grid-mode:both;font-weight:normal'>Exemple :</span></p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>String instrument="piano";</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>String bruit="tambour";</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>System.out.println("les 2 chaînes sont-elles identiques ? ");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>System.out.println("Réponse : " + <b>instrument.equals(bruit)</b>);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>System.out.println("Réponse : " + <b>instrument.equals("PIANO")</b>) ;</span></p> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <span style= 'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <ul style='margin-top:0cm' type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal"><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>public boolean <b>equalsIgnoreCase</b> (String autreChaine)</span></i></li> </ul> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Comme <span class="Machinecrire"><span style= 'font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>equals ()</span></span> mais la comparaison est faite sans tenir compte des majuscules/minuscules des chaînes comparées.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <ul style='margin-top:0cm' type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal"><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>public int <b>compareTo</b> (String autreChaine)</span></i></li> </ul> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Compare une chaîne de caractères avec autreChaine. Renvoie une valeur négative, nulle, ou positive suivant que la chaîne de caractères est respectivement inférieure, égale ou supérieure à celle transmise en paramètre.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Exemple :</span></p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>String instrument="piano";</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>String bruit="tambour";</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>System.out.println("Réponse : " + <b>instrument.compareTo(bruit)</b>); // Réponse : -4</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>System.out.println("Réponse : " + <b>instrument.compareTo(instrument)</b>); // Réponse : 0</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>System.out.println("Réponse : " + <b>instrument.compareTo("PIANO")</b>); // Réponse : 32</span></p> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <h2><a name="node6" id="node6"></a>4.3. Trouver un caractère dont on connaît l’index</h2> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>public char <b>charAt</b> (int index)</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Renvoie le caractère situé à l'indice index (index compris entre <span class= "Machinecrire"><span style= 'font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>0</span></span> et <span class="Machinecrire"><span style= 'font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black'>length () - 1</span></span>).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Cette fonction a déjà été vue dans le paragraphe 10.</span></p> <p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> </p> <h2><a name="node7" id="node7"></a>4.4. Récupération de sous-chaînes</h2> <p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>En indiquant la position de début :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB">public String <b>substring</b>(int debut)</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>En indiquant le début et la fin (l'élément situé à la position de fin sera exclu) :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB">Public String <b>substring</b>(int debut, int fin)</span></i></p> <p class="MsoHeader"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span></p> <p class="MsoHeader"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB">Exemple :</span></p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB">String instrument="piano";</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB">System.out.println("Réponse : " + <b>instrument.substring(2)</b>) ; // ano</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB">System.out.println("Réponse : " + <b>instrument.substring(0,3)</b>) ; // pia</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB">System.out.println("Réponse : " + <b>instrument.substring(3,instrument.length())</b>) ; // no</span></p> </div> <span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span></p> <h2 style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left: 39.4pt;text-indent:-21.55pt'> <a name="node8" id="node8"></a>4.5. Recherche d'une chaîne ou d'un caractère dans une chaîne</h2> <p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> </p> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public int <b>indexOf</b> (int ch)</span></i> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public int <b>indexOf</b> (int ch, int fromIndex)</span></i> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public int <b>lastIndexOf</b> (int ch)</span></i> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public int <b>lastIndexOf</b> (int ch, int fromIndex)</span></i> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public int <b>indexOf</b> (String str)</span></i> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public int <b>indexOf</b> (String str, int fromIndex)</span></i> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public int <b>lastIndexOf </b>(String str)</span></i> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public int <b>lastIndexOf </b>(String str, int fromIndex)</span></i> </pre> <p style='margin-right:36.0pt'>Renvoient l'indice de la première ou la dernière occurrence d'un caractère <tt><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt'>ch</span></tt> ou d'une chaîne <tt><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt'>str</span></tt> dans une chaîne de caractères, ou <tt><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>-1</span></tt> si aucune occurrence n'a pas été trouvée.</p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "NL" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="NL">String instrument="piano";</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "NL" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "NL">System.out.println("Réponse : "+<b>instrument.indexOf('a')</b>); // 2</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "NL" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "NL">System.out.println("Réponse : "+<b>instrument.indexOf(97)</b>); // 2</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "NL" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "NL">System.out.println("Réponse : "+<b>instrument.indexOf('a', 3)</b>); // -1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "NL" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "NL">System.out.println("Réponse : "+<b>instrument.indexOf("an")</b>); // 2</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "NL" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="NL">instrument += " Steinway";</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>System.out.println("Réponse : "+<b>instrument.lastIndexOf('i')</b>); // 9</span></p> </div> <p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> </p> <h2><a name="node9" id="node9"></a>4.6. Conversion en majuscules ou minuscules</h2> <p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> </p> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public String <b>toLowerCase</b> ()</span></i> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public String <b>toUpperCase </b>()</span></i> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> </pre> <p style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:-14.2pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> Renvoie une chaîne où tous les caractères majuscules sont convertis en minuscules, et inversement.</p> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman",serif'> </span> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Exemple :</span> </pre> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>String instrument="piano";</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>System.out.println("Réponse : "+<b>instrument.toUpperCase()</b>); // Affiche PIANO mais la</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>// chaîne contient toujours piano</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>instrument = <b>instrument.toUpperCase()</b>; // instrument contient maintenant PIANO</span></p> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h2><a name="node10" id="node10"></a>4.7. Suppression des caractères d'espacement en tête et en queue de la chaîne</h2> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public String <b>trim</b> ()</span></i> </pre> <p style= 'margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:36.0pt;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0cm'> Renvoie une chaîne où tous les caractères d'espacement en tête et en queue d'une chaîne de caractères sont supprimés.</p> <p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'>Exemple :</p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt'> <p style= 'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm'>String chaine = "\nBonjour Monsieur\n";</p> <p style= 'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm'>chaine = <b>chaine.trim()</b>;</p> <p style= 'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm'>…</p> </div> <span style= 'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h2 style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left: 39.4pt;text-indent:-21.55pt'> <a name="node11" id="node11"></a>4.8. Remplacement de caractères</h2> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>public String <b>replace</b>(char avant, char apres)</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Exemple :</span></p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt'> <p style= 'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;padding:0cm'>String chaine = "toto";</p> <p class="MsoHeader" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>chaine = <b>chaine.replace('o','i')</b>;</span></p> <p class="MsoHeader" style='border:none;padding:0cm'>…</p> </div> <p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> </p> <h2><a name="node12" id="node12"></a>4.9. Convertir une chaîne en entier …</h2> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Nous avons déjà étudié comment convertir une chaîne en un autre type. Ici nous étudions la conversion réciproque.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public static String <b>valueOf</b> (boolean b)</span></i> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public static String <b>valueOf</b> (char c)</span></i> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public static String <b>valueOf</b> (int i)</span></i> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public static String <b>valueOf</b> (long l)</span></i> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public static String <b>valueOf</b> (float f)</span></i> </pre> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public static String <b>valueOf</b> (double d)</span></i> </pre> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Exemple :</span></p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>int nbe=1234;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB">String chaine = <b>String.valueOf(nbe)</b>;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>….</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> </div> <p class="MsoHeader"> </p> <h1><a name="node13" id="node13"></a>5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Les tableaux</h1> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>En Java, les éléments d'un tableau sont des objets alloués dynamiquement.</span></p> <h2><a name="node14" id="node14"></a>5.1. Les tableaux à une dimension</h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Il faut déclarer le tableau et créer les éléments, tout ceci peut être effectué en une seule instruction.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>// Déclaration d'un tableau</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>NomType NomTableau[];</span></b></p> <p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'>Exemple : int tabl [ ];</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>// Création des éléments d'un tableau</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>NomTableau = new NomType[Nombre_éléments];</span></b></p> <p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'>Exemple : tabl = new int[nombre_elements];</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Remarques : nombre_elements peut être un littéral ou une variable.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> le tableau est initialisé à 0 s'il s'agit d'un tableau numérique.</span></p> <i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span></i> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></i></p> <p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'>// On peut faire directement la création du tableau</p> <p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'>Exemple : int tabl [ ] = new int[nombre_elements];</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Comme en C, un tableau contenant n éléments, a son premier élément à l'indice 0 et son dernier à l'indice</span> <span class= "Machinecrire"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; color:black'>n-1</span></span><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>NomTableau[ind] désigne l'élément d'indice ind comme en C.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Le nombre d'éléments d'un tableau est donné par NomTableau.<b>length</b> , attention il ne faut pas mettre () derrière length.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Exemples :</span></p> <pre style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:72.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 72.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <span style='color:#0000AF'> </span> </pre> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; margin-left:0cm;margin-right:72.0pt'> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#0000AF'>// Déclaration de références sur des tableaux</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman",serif'>int [ ] </span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> tableEntiers;</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman",serif'>float </span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> tableFlottants <b>[ ]</b>; <span style='color:#0000AF'>// Les crochets peuvent être avant ou après la variable</span></span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman",serif'>String [ ] </span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>tableChaines;</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#0000AF'> </span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#0000AF'>// Création des éléments </span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">tableEntiers = new int[12];</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">tableFlottants = new float[3];</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">tableChaines = new String[3]; </span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#0000AF' xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#0000AF'>// Création d'un tableau</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none; padding:0cm'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>int [ ]</span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> tableEntiers2 = <b>new int [</b>5<b>]</b>;</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#0000AF'> </span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#0000AF'>// Création de tableaux initialisés</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">long</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> <b> [ ]</b> tableLongs = {1L, 2L, 5L};</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman",serif'>String</span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> <b>[ ] </b> tableChaines2 = {"Bonjour", null, "Bonsoir"};</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#333399'>// Alimentation d'éléments</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none; padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>tableEntiers[0] = 31;</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>tableChaines[0] = "Bonjour";</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>tableChaines2[1] = "Salut";</span> </pre></div> <p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> </p> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear= "all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Ecriture d'une classe de test des tableaux à une dimension :</span></p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>import java.io.*;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB">public class test_tab</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB">{</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> {</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> int [] tab1 = new int[10];</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> int i, nb;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> int [] tab2;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> for (i=0; i<10; i++)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> <span style='font-size: 12.0pt'>{</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> System.out.println("Saisir l'élément " + i);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB">BufferedReader rep = new BufferedReader(new </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> InputStreamReader(System.in));</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> tab1[i] = Integer.parseInt(rep.readLine()) ;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> }</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> for (i=0; i<10; System.out.print("tab1["+i+"] = " + tab1[i++] + "\t"));</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> <span style='font-size: 12.0pt'>do</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> {</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> System.out.println("\nSaisir le nombre d'éléments du tableau");</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB">BufferedReader rep = new BufferedReader(new </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> InputStreamReader(System.in));</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> nb = Integer.parseInt(rep.readLine()) ;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> }</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> while (nb < 0 || nb > 5);</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> tab2 = new int[nb];</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> <b>for (i=0; i<nb; i++)</b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> tab2[i] = tab1[i];</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> for (i=0; i<nb; System.out.print("tab2["+i+"] = " + tab2[i++] + "\t"));</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span lang= "EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> </span> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>}</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>};</span></p> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Une fois qu'un tableau est créé, sa taille ne peut être modifiée ; par contre, la classe System fournit la méthode arraycopy, elle permet de copier une partie d'un tableau dans un autre.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <pre style='margin-right:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">public static void <b>arraycopy</b> (Object TabSource, int srcind, Object TabDst, int dstind, int nb)</span></i> </pre> <pre style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:72.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:72.0pt; margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span> </pre> <p style='margin-right:36.0pt'>Copie les nb éléments du tableau TabS<tt><span style= 'font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>ource</span></tt> à partir de l'indice <tt><span style= 'font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>srcind</span></tt> dans le tableau TabDst à l'indice <tt><span style= 'font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>dstind</span></tt>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Dans l'exemple précédent, pour copier les nb éléments de tab1 dans tab2, on peut remplacer ce qui figure en gras par :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB">System.<b>arraycopy (tab1,0,tab2,0,nb)</b>; </span></p> <span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span></p> <h2 style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left: 39.4pt;text-indent:-21.55pt'> <a name="node15" id="node15"></a>5.2. Les tableaux multidimensionnels</h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></i></p> <p style='margin-right:36.0pt'>Java permet de créer les tableaux multi-dimensionnels de deux manières différentes :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>1ère façon : créer un tableau directement avec plusieurs dimensions</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>OU</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>2ème façon : créer la 1ère dimension puis les sous-tableaux, les sous-tableaux (donc les colonnes si 2 dimensions) pouvant avoir des tailles différentes.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Exemples 1ère façon :</span></p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt'>int</span></b> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'><b>[ ][ ]</b> table1 = <b>new</b> <b>int</b> <b>[</b>dim1<b>][</b>dim2<b>]</b>; // dim1 et dim2 peuvent être des littéraux ou bien</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> // des variables préalablement déclarées</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style='font-size:12.0pt'>// puis initialisées ou saisies.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'>int [ ][ ] table2 = {{15, 20, 30},</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none;padding:0cm'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> { 5, 10, 15}};</span></p> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Pour désigner un élément : c'est comme en C. Par exemple table2[0][1] désigne le 2ème élément de la 1ère ligne donc 20.</span></p> <p style='margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Exemple 2ème façon :</span></p> <div style= 'border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:1.0pt 0cm 1.0pt 4.0pt; margin-left:0cm;margin-right:-.1pt'> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>int</span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> <b>[ ][ ] </b>table1 = <b>new</b> <b>int</b> <b>[</b>dim1<b>][ ]</b>; // Création de la première dimension</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> // (dim1 est un littéral ou bien une variable </span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> // préalablement </span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> // déclarée puis initialisée ou saisie).</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">int i, j;</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB">for (i = 0; i < dim1; i++)</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>{</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> table1 <b>[</b>i<b>]</b> = <b>new int [</b>dim2<b>]</b>; // Création de la deuxième dimension (dim 2 est un</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> // littéral ou bien une variable préalablement déclarée </span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> // puis initialisée ou saisie, l'initialisation ou</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> // saisie peut être effectuée dans la 1ère</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> // boucle for ce qui permettra d'avoir des </span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> // colonnes de taille différente). </span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang="EN-GB">for (j = 0; j < dim2; j++)</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span lang="EN-GB" style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang= "EN-GB"> table1 [i][j] = 1;</span> </pre> <pre style='border:none;padding:0cm'> <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>}</span> </pre></div> <h5> </h5> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt'> </span></p> </div>
Table des matières
Sujets
Recherche
3. Principales fonctions et procédures de manipulation de caractères
3.1. Fonctions de tests d'un caractère
3.2. Fonctions de conversion d'un caractère
4. Principales fonctions et procédures de manipulation de chaînes de caractères
4.1. Longueur d'une chaîne
4.2. Comparaison de 2 chaînes
4.3. Trouver un caractère dont on connaît l’index
4.4. Récupération de sous-chaînes
4.5. Recherche d'une chaîne ou d'un caractère dans une chaîne
4.6. Conversion en majuscules ou minuscules
4.7. Suppression des caractères d'espacement en tête et en queue de la chaîne
4.8. Remplacement de caractères
4.9. Convertir une chaîne en entier …
5. Les tableaux
5.1. Les tableaux à une dimension
5.2. Les tableaux multidimensionnels
3.1. Fonctions de tests d'un caractère
3.2. Fonctions de conversion d'un caractère
3. Principales fonctions et procédures de manipulation de caractères
4.1. Longueur d'une chaîne
4.2. Comparaison de 2 chaînes
4.3. Trouver un caractère dont on connaît l’index
4.4. Récupération de sous-chaînes
4.5. Recherche d'une chaîne ou d'un caractère dans une chaîne
4.6. Conversion en majuscules ou minuscules
4.7. Suppression des caractères d'espacement en tête et en queue de la chaîne
4.8. Remplacement de caractères
4.9. Convertir une chaîne en entier …
4. Principales fonctions et procédures de manipulation de chaînes de caractères
5.1. Les tableaux à une dimension
5.2. Les tableaux multidimensionnels
5. Les tableaux
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